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In early antiquity, the invention of writing is linked to accounting and monetary units. Antiquity was also catalyzed by money that eased trade and taxation. Such coins helped kingdoms evolve into empires.
Rome experienced a strange phenomenon: inflation, which was a subtle symptom of the malfunctioning that led to the fall of the Empire.
Bankers such as the Medici took advantage of the medieval shortage of coins (marked by deflation). Especially, the Medici loaned to their allies and sponsored the Renaissance.
Lacking coins, bankers loaned substitutes: banknotes. And, they loaned these to many, including to artisans that blossomed into industrials.
Banknotes spread to the world, but their misuse made some fall. Excesses of the American continentals or the French assignats had many repercussions.
The economic and monetary system became more and more complex and misunderstood. Dramatically, anti-social instability and WWI arose from monetary mismanagement.
Keynes (right) was ignored before WWII unlike during the postwar era, when his disciples applied keynesianism... to the extreme of the stagflation of the 1970s.
Reagan was successful thanks to his monetarist policies. France's Mitterrand insisted with keynesianism and failed before grumpily switching to unpopular monetarism. Nevertheless, unemployment and contestation didn't fade away.
Monetarism itself experienced hiccups and excesses. What will follow is still unclear. No economist has yet come with a convincing alternative.
Global warming is now ignored, due to the economic crisis since 2008. But, how could fighting global warming could lead to economic recovery? Only a monetary change could cope with it.





